California Case Summaries

4th District Court of Appeal, Civil Procedure, Litigation, Personal Injury & Tort

Victor Valley Union High School District v. Superior Court — School District Immunity Turns on Where Negligence Occurred, Not Where Student Was Harmed

automatic / July 13, 2026

The Fourth District Court of Appeal clarifies that a school district’s immunity under Education Code section 44808 depends on where the district’s negligent act occurred — not where the student was ultimately injured — overruling two of its own prior decisions in the process.

4th District Court of Appeal, Civil Procedure, Criminal Law

In re King — Trial Court Must Expressly Find No Less Restrictive Alternative Before Ordering Pretrial Detention

automatic / July 13, 2026

The Fourth District Court of Appeal, on remand from the California Supreme Court, holds that a trial court ordering pretrial detention must make an express finding by clear and convincing evidence that no less restrictive condition than incarceration will adequately protect public safety — “balancing” alternatives against danger is not enough.

Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, Civil Procedure, Litigation

Price v. Diab — ADA Plaintiff Who Wins Accessibility Injunction via Default Judgment Is a “Prevailing Party” Entitled to Attorney’s Fees

automatic / July 13, 2026

The Ninth Circuit holds that an ADA plaintiff who obtains a default judgment and injunction requiring a Fontana Family Dollar to fix accessibility barriers is a “prevailing party” entitled to seek attorney’s fees — even though the injunction only requires what federal law already mandates.

Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, Administrative Law, Banking & Finance, Constitutional Law

Novedades y Servicios v. FinCEN — Ninth Circuit Upholds Block on Treasury’s Sweeping Southwest Border Cash-Reporting Order

automatic / July 13, 2026

The Ninth Circuit affirms a preliminary injunction blocking FinCEN’s “Border GTO” — which required money services businesses in 30 southwest border ZIP codes to file cash-transaction reports for amounts as low as $200 — finding the order was likely a rule requiring notice-and-comment rulemaking and that it was adopted in an arbitrary and capricious manner.

Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, Civil Procedure, Immigration, Litigation

Menjivar-Ayala v. Blanche — Ninth Circuit Holds BIA Must Consider Ineffective Assistance Claim Even When Attorney’s Failure Occurred Before a Different Court

automatic / July 9, 2026

The Ninth Circuit holds that the Board of Immigration Appeals has authority — and obligation — to consider ineffective assistance of counsel claims arising from an attorney's post-final-order misconduct before a different tribunal, and that mailing a courtesy copy of a BIA decision to a represented noncitizen does not overcome the presumption of prejudice from counsel's failure to notify them.

3rd District Court of Appeal, Constitutional Law, Criminal Law

People v. Garner — A 50-Year Juvenile Sentence Is Not a De Facto Life Term When Parole Is Available Under Section 3051

automatic / July 8, 2026

The Third District held that a juvenile offender's 50-year determinate sentence is not the functional equivalent of life without parole — and therefore does not qualify for resentencing under Penal Code section 1170(d)(1) — because section 3051 gave him a meaningful parole opportunity during his 15th year of incarceration.

4th District Court of Appeal, Civil Procedure, Litigation

Damak v. Superior Court — Trial Courts Must Apply Section 2023.050’s Mandatory $1,000 Sanction for Bad-Faith Discovery Conduct, Regardless of Whether the Moving Party Incurred Expenses

automatic / July 8, 2026

The Fourth District held that trial courts must consider Code of Civil Procedure section 2023.050 — which imposes a mandatory $1,000 sanction for bad-faith document production conduct regardless of the other party's actual expenses — and that a self-represented litigant facing discovery stonewalling by opposing counsel is not left without a remedy.

Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, Labor & Employment Law, Litigation

Combs v. Netflix, Inc. — Ninth Circuit Sets Test for When a Sexual Harassment ‘Dispute Arises’ Under the EFAA, Holding Pre-2022 Internal Complaints Triggered the Clock

automatic / July 8, 2026

In a matter of first impression, the Ninth Circuit held that under the EFAA's timing provision, a "dispute arises" when an employee registers internal disagreement with an employer and the employer expressly or constructively opposes it — not when the employee later files a formal complaint — and that "claims accrue" under standard accrual principles; here both happened before March 3, 2022, so the EFAA did not apply and Netflix's arbitration agreement was enforceable.

1st District Court of Appeal, Administrative Law, Constitutional Law, Real Estate Law

City of Clearlake v. Highlands Mutual Water Co. — Statute Requiring Cancellation of Public Entity’s Water Company Shares Is Constitutional

automatic / July 7, 2026

The First District holds that Corporations Code section 14300's mandatory cancellation of a public entity's appurtenant water company shares does not violate the California Constitution's limited exception permitting public entities to hold such shares.

4th District Court of Appeal, Constitutional Law, Labor & Employment Law, Litigation

Adelanto Elementary School District v. Krause — Employers Cannot Waive the Right to Seek a Workplace Violence Restraining Order for Employees

automatic / July 6, 2026

The Fourth District holds that an employer's statutory right to seek a workplace violence restraining order on behalf of its employees cannot be signed away in a separation agreement, and strikes as a First Amendment violation a provision barring an elected board member from discussing the restraining order at public meetings.

1st District Court of Appeal, Criminal Law, Litigation

People v. Tyler — Court Warns That ‘Could Be Convicted’ Is the Wrong Standard at a Penal Code Section 1172.6 Resentencing Hearing

automatic / July 6, 2026

The First District publishes this opinion specifically to flag a recurring error: at a section 1172.6 evidentiary hearing, the trial court is an independent fact-finder who must decide whether the petitioner IS guilty beyond a reasonable doubt under current law — not whether a jury 'could' convict them.

2nd District Court of Appeal, Constitutional Law, Criminal Law

In re Melson — Murder Conviction Vacated After Prosecution Failed to Correct False Eyewitness Testimony and Defense Counsel Did Not Review Police Interview Transcripts

automatic / July 2, 2026

The Second District Court of Appeal grants habeas corpus and vacates a second-degree murder conviction after finding the prosecution allowed false eyewitness testimony to stand uncorrected — and defense counsel failed to cross-examine the witnesses with their own prior contradictory police statements — in a gang-related retrial.

2nd District Court of Appeal, Family Law

In re Landon M. — Appeal Dismissed as Moot; Court Clarifies That Allowing Armed Father Access Does Not Constitute Reportable ‘Severe Neglect’ Under CACI

automatic / July 2, 2026

The Second District dismisses a mother's dependency appeal as moot after the juvenile court terminated jurisdiction and granted her sole custody, holding that allowing a father with known guns access to children constitutes 'general neglect' — not the 'severe neglect' that would trigger a reportable CACI listing.

3rd District Court of Appeal, Civil Procedure, Labor & Employment Law

Phan v. Knight Sacramento SU Inc. — Car Dealership Arbitration Agreements Struck as Unconscionable Under Cook v. USC Standard

automatic / July 2, 2026

The Third District Court of Appeal affirms the trial court's refusal to compel arbitration of an auto dealership employee's wage and hour claims, finding the employer's adhesive arbitration agreements unconscionable under Cook v. University of Southern California (2024) due to high economic coercion and one-sided third-party beneficiary provisions.

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