California Case Summaries

Litigation

Primary practice area

Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, Constitutional Law, Litigation, Personal Injury & Tort

Johnson v. Adgar — Officer Used Excessive Force but Receives Qualified Immunity

The Ninth Circuit held that firing the projectile at Johnson was unreasonable force under the Fourth Amendment. Johnson and nearby demonstrators were peaceful, the weapon could cause serious injury, and a generalized interest in controlling a crowd did not justify shooting someone who posed no imminent threat. The court therefore left no doubt that the conduct violated Johnson’s constitutional right.

Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, Administrative Law, Constitutional Law, Litigation

Prado v. City of Berkeley — Ninth Circuit Partly Stays Encampment Injunction During Disease Abatement

The panel granted a stay to the extent the district court’s orders prevented Berkeley from clearing and abating the Harrison encampment. Public-health evidence showed that leaving tents and vehicles in place could shelter rats and interfere with eradication measures. That created a serious risk to residents, workers, and the public, and justified allowing the city to complete work at that location while appellate review continued.

2nd District Court of Appeal, Labor & Employment Law, Litigation

Molina v. Triumph Residential Services — Mandatory Arbitration Agreement Unenforceable When FAA Does Not Apply

The Second District affirmed denial of arbitration. The Legislature added the FAA language in an attempt to avoid federal preemption; it protects only agreements that are actually enforceable under the federal statute. When the FAA does not apply, ordinary California contract principles remain in force, including the rule that courts will not enforce a contract that was illegal to form. A section 432.6 violation can therefore make a non-FAA arbitration agreement unenforceable.

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